And with that I have resolved the remaining questions about musl iconv's GB18030.
What we implement is the original 2000 specification, and, with the fixes applied in https://git.musl-libc.org/cgit/musl/commit/?id=67219f0130ec7c876ac0b299046460fad31caabf, our implementation fully matches GB 18030-2000.
glibc presently implements the 2022 version, which has 19 changes, one of them from the 2005 update and the other 18 from 2022. That matches the discrepancy I hit trying to validate musl's against glibc. These changes are entirely swaps of proper Unicode characters for legacy mappings to PUA slots. 🤮