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In Germany, this "fiscal lens" was imposed on the forest itself. "To this end, the underbrush was cleared, the number of species was reduced (often to monoculture), and plantings were done simultaneously and in straight rows on large tracts. The German forest became the archetype for imposing on disorderly nature the neatly arranged constructs of science."

The neat and orderly nature of the German forests mean unskilled (and thus cheaper) labor crews could carry out maintenance and logging.