came across some illustrations of Pentonville Prison (a "model prison" for the British Empire) from the time of it's opening, which promised a more modern style of imprisonment.
Turns out that involved seperating prisoners from each other so thoroughly they spent 23 hours a day in solitary and had to wear masks if they ever went anywhere else. Even the prison chapel was designed to isolate them.
No surprise (to us that is) mental breakdowns and illnesses skyrocketed.