@clive A more detailed story appeared in Quanta: https://www.quantamagazine.org/the-man-who-stole-infinity-20260225/ (There I learned that it wasn't just the proof of the countability of algebraic numbers: for the proof that the real numbers are uncountable, Cantor found a proof first, but Dedekind suggested a simplification and that simplified version is what Cantor published!)
And Demian Goos's paper about this is linked from his personal website: https://demian-goos.de/