Dunning-Kruger Effect: People with low ability overestimate their competence in that domain.
In software engineering, this shows up as:
- Junior developers confident they can rewrite the entire codebase
- Engineers dismissing "legacy" code without understanding its complexity
- New team members suggesting major architectural changes on day one
- Developers convinced they don't need tests
The most dangerous phase is when you know enough to be confident but not enough to be cautious.