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Below is an ultimate study guide of Marxism-Leninism, a quick summary of everything you need to know about the political ideology in multiple parts.
Part 1/
•The material conditions and economic relations of society shape societies ideas and political structures, not the other way around.
•The development of society is also driven by material conditions and economic factors, which leads to class struggle, the main factor of historical progress.
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Part 2/ of Marxism-Leninism study guide:
•Societies are divided into classes, with capitalist societies being primarily divided into the ruling bourgeoisie and the oppressed proletariat. The struggle between these classes is the motor of historical development.
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Part 3/ of Marxism-Leninism study guide:
•There are two different kinds of forms of value: use value, which refers to the utility of a commodity or its usefulness to the consumer and is subjective, and the exchange value, which represents the quantity of other commodities for which a commodity can be exchanged and can be determined by various factors, including scarcity and demand.
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Part 4/ of Marxism-Leninism study guide:
•The value of a commodity is determined by the socially necessary labor time required to produce it. The labor embedded in a commodity is not just individualized labor but rather labor that is recognized as necessary by society at a given level of productivity. Labor is the primary source of value rather than the resources or raw materials involved in production.
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Part 5/ of Marxism-Leninism study guide:
•Surplus value is the difference between the value produced by labor and the wages paid to laborers. Capitalists pay workers less than the value of what they produce, capturing this excess as profit. As capitalists reinvest profits, they seek to increase productivity through methods such as paying workers less than the value they create, lengthening working hours, or reducing wages.
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Part 6/ of Marxism-Leninism study guide:
•There are two primary types of surplus value:
Absolute Surplus Value, which is generated by extending working hours beyond what is necessary for the worker to produce the equivalent of their wages, allowing capitalist to increase their surplus value intake while keeping workers wages constant, and...
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Part 7/ of Marxism-Leninism study guide:
...Relative Surplus Value, which occurs when the productivity of labor is increased, usually through technological advancements or improvements in methods of production, causing workers to produce more within the same timeframe and create more surplus value without increasing workers wages.
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Part 8/ of Marxism-Leninism study guide:
•Capitalists reinvest this surplus value to grow their businesses, hire more labor, invest in new technologies, etc, creating a cycle of capital accumulation that enriches capitalists while increasing social inequality and deepening class divisions.
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Part 9/ of Marxism-Leninism study guide:
•The exploitation inherent in surplus value extraction leads to crises within capitalism, such as overproduction through the creation of more products than can be consumed and worker alienation by workers becoming estranged from the products of their labor, which will cause workers to become aware of their exploitation, leading to class consciousness and revolutionary movements aimed at abolishing capitalism.
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Part 10/ of Marxism-Leninism study guide:
•Imperialism is the highest stage of capitalism. Imperialist nations exploit colonized countries, generating international class struggles and necessitating global revolutionary action.
•Oppressed nations should have the right to self-determination. Liberation movements in colonized or oppressed nations can weaken imperialism and contribute to the global revolutionary struggle.
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Part 11/ of Marxism-Leninism study guide:
•A highly organized and disciplined vanguard party is necessary to create revolutionary consciousness among workers and guide them toward the revolution to overthrow capitalism. This party should consist of dedicated revolutionaries who are knowledgeable about Marxist theory and skilled in political organization.
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Part 12/ of Marxism-Leninism study guide:
•The revolution must be initiated through a planned insurrection, rather than a spontaneous uprising, to seize power swiftly and effectively (e.g., The Bolshevik Revolution of 1917).
•After the overthrow of capitalism, a transitional state (the dictatorship of the proletariat) must be established to suppress the former ruling class and dismantle capitalist structures.
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Part 13/ of Marxism-Leninism study guide:
•This transition state would be a workers' state, with representatives chosen from workers' councils (soviets). Political power will be centeralized within the vanguard party established by the proletariat. There will be an exclusion of political pluralism since it could act as a pathway to bourgeois influence.
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Part 14/ of Marxism-Leninism study guide:
•This transition state will make decisions through a system of Democratic Centralism, which combines democracy and centralism, emphasizing internal organization in which decisions reached by the party's democratic processes are binding for all members.
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Part 15/ of Marxism-Leninism study guide:
•This transition state will abolish the private ownership of the means of production and convert them into social property, and the capitalist market system will be replaced with a planned economy that will direct economic activity and prioritize collective needs over individual profit.
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Part 16/ of Marxism-Leninism study guide:
•Ideology is a tool used by ruling classes to perpetuate their power. The vanguard party must promote revolutionary ideology to maintain the proletariat’s class consciousness. Censorship will be employed to suppress dissent towards the party and the revolution, and the state will promote ideology that aligns with proletarian and revolutionary values.
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Part 17/end of Marxism-Leninism study guide:
•The ultimate goal of Marxism is communism, a stateless, classless society where the means of production are communally owned and the principle "from each according to his ability, to each according to his needs" is fully realized.
Alexandre Oliva
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