This is a valuable article for those who are involved in any way in online spaces (read: all of us). I'm looking forward to reading the research paper. Some of their findings:
1. Members Don’t Leave After Experiencing Toxicity
2. Online Toxic Behaviors Are Not Isolated Incidents
3. Toxicity Stems from Culture, Not a Few “Bad Apples”
4. Rivalries Don’t Boost Communities — They Tear Them Apart
5. Self-Moderation Is Not Enough to Keep Toxicity at Bay
https://hbr.org/2024/11/why-moderators-cant-protect-online-communities-on-their-own