I wonder how they are counting that Germany was third largest after France and GB. eyeballing I'd assume Russia, China, and US were all bigger. I guess those aren't "colonial" because they are contiguous?
idk, Hawaii became a US territory in 1898 and maybe it's different because it's an island? Alaska became US territory in 1867 but maybe that's different because it was sold and not colonized? idk, seems like a lot of caveats.
https://www.dw.com/en/ai-meets-colonialism-germany-develops-new-research-tool-to-address-history/a-69888530