Vi coactus (V.C.) is a Latin term meaning "having been forced" or "having been compelled". In Latin, cōgō means "I compel" or "I force". The passive participle of cōgō is coāctus, meaning "having been forced" or "having been compelled" or "coerced" .
"Vi coactus" or "V.C." is used with a signature to indicate that the signer was under duress. The signer uses such marking to signal that the agreement was made under duress, and that it is their belief that it invalidates their signature.
Examples of usage
Cornelis de Witt, a Dutch 17th century statesman, was forced to sign the act for the restoration of the stadtholderate. After entreaties by his wife, he signed the contract but added "V.C." to his signature.
After being elected as leader of the UK Independence Party in September 2016, Diane James added "Vi coactus" after her signature on the official document informing the Electoral Commission of her election, which the commission said they could not accept as a result. She subsequently relinquished the leadership role 24 hours later, 18 days after winning the election to replace...
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