Beyond the Nation State in the Middle East
In Palestine and Kurdistan, promising experiments in self-determination draw on the region’s pluralist history.
"Öcalan’s idea of confederalism involves delinking nation from state, allowing for pluralist communal politics. This occurs through radical devolution of state power to local democratic councils representing the interests of diverse identity groups."
https://www.bostonreview.net/articles/beyond-the-nation-state-in-the-middle-east/