Lisa is a desktop computer developed by Apple, released on January 19, 1983. It is generally considered the first mass market personal computer operable through a graphical user interface (GUI). In 1983, a machine like the Lisa was still so expensive that it was primarily marketed to individual and small and medium-size businesses, as a groundbreaking new alternative to much bigger and more expensive mainframes or minicomputers such as from IBM, that either require additional, expensive consultancy from the supplier, hiring specially trained personnel, or at least, a much steeper learning curve to maintain and operate. Earlier GUI controlled personal computers, like the Xerox Alto, although manufactured in several thousands, were only made for Xerox, the University of California, Berkeley, and select partners in Xerox PARC's developments, from the early to mid 1970s.
Development of project "LISA" began in 1978. It underwent many changes and shipped at US$9,995 (equivalent to $29,400 in 2022) with a five-megabyte hard drive. It was affected by its high price, insufficient software, unreliable Apple FileWare floppy disks, and...
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