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Brad Mitchell (brad@zeroes.ca)'s status on Friday, 03-Nov-2023 09:18:05 JST Brad Mitchell

Welp. 🤷♂️ Next time you hear “I tested negative so it’s definitely not Covid” Published November 2, 2023-“In this study, using Wuhan or Omicron variants of SARS-CoV-2, we detected viral RNA in BALF of 17 of 25 infected macaques and viral antigens in the BALF Mac of 20 of 25 macaques at 6 months p.i., with the virus in the BALF Mac capable of replication up to at least 221 d p.i., even when it was undetectable in nasopharyngeal and tracheal swabs”- https://www.nature.com/articles/s41590-023-01661-4
In conversation Friday, 03-Nov-2023 09:18:05 JST from zeroes.ca permalink
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  SARS-CoV-2 viral persistence in lung alveolar macrophages is controlled by IFN-γ and NK cells - Nature Immunology
  
  from Müller-Trutwin, Michaela
  
  Huot et al. show that interferon-γ (IFN-γ) regulates the persistence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in bronchoalveolar macrophages from cynomolgus macaques up to 18 months postinfection.
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  Nick (saunders@noagendasocial.com)'s status on Friday, 03-Nov-2023 09:18:52 JST Nick
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  @Brad stop with the science.
  
  In conversation Friday, 03-Nov-2023 09:18:52 JST permalink
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  Brad Mitchell (brad@zeroes.ca)'s status on Friday, 03-Nov-2023 09:26:18 JST Brad Mitchell
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  -So, with Long Covid.. Do we ever really “clear” the virus?🤷♂️ "We detected replication-competent SARS-CoV-2 in bronchoalveolar fluid (BALF) Mac for up to 18 months after infection." Related? "Due to their long life span and ability to reside in virtually every tissue, macrophages have been proposed to play a critical role in the establishment and persistence of the HIV-1 reservoir."- https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2019.02828/full
  In conversation Friday, 03-Nov-2023 09:26:18 JST permalink
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    The Role of Macrophages in HIV-1 Persistence and Pathogenesis
    
    Current antiretroviral therapy (ART) effectively suppresses Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 (HIV-1) in infected individuals. However, even long term ART does not eradicate HIV-1 infected cells and the virus persists in cellular reservoirs. Beside memory CD4+ T cells, cells of the myeloid lineage, especially macrophages, are believed to be an important sanctuary for HIV-1. Monocytes and macrophages are key players in the innate immune response to pathogens and are recruited to sites of infection and inflammation. Due to their long life span and ability to reside in virtually every tissue, macrophages have been proposed to play a critical role in the establishment and persistence of the HIV-1 reservoir. Current HIV-1 cure strategies mainly focus on the concept of “shock and kill” to purge the viral reservoir. This approach aims to reactivate viral protein production in latently infected cells, which subsequently are eliminated as a consequence of viral replication, or recognized and killed by the immune system. Macrophage susceptibility to HIV-1 infection is dependent on the local microenvironment, suggesting that molecular pathways directing differentiation and polarization are involved. Current latency reversing agents (LRA) are mainly designed to reactivate the HIV-1 provirus in CD4+ T cells, while their ability to abolish viral latency in macrophages is largely unknown. Moreover, the resistance of macrophages to HIV-1 mediated kill and the presence of infected macrop...

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