The origins of the property tax aren’t American at all. It, instead, has roots that date back to Europe’s feudal system.
First instituted in England by William the Conqueror in 1066, the early tax system worked this way:
A king (or conqueror) took over all the land in a given territory. He would then divide it among his lieutenants and supporters, who would pay him (with money or services) in order to keep that land.