The most impactful leverage points of all, items 1-4—namely mindset, goals, distribution of power and rules—are also the hardest to formalize and study systematically.
Nonetheless, these were an explicit focus of the 2019 Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services Global Assessment and its follow-on synthesis [Ch], which list eight leverage points for saving biodiversity. The focus was on high-impact forms of social transformation, such as change in mindset. For example, one was “visions of a good life”: visions that downplay GDP growth and focus on trust in neighbors, access to care, opportunities for creative expression, and the like. These are difficult to quantify, but they may be very important for significant change!
(6/n)
[Ch] Chan, K.M.A., et al. (2020). Levers and leverage points for pathways to sustainability. People and Nature 2(3), 693–717. https://doi.org/10.1002/pan3.10124
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