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“The history of all countries shows that the working class, exclusively by its own effort, is able to develop only trade-union consciousness, and that the theory of socialism grows out of the philosophic, historical, and economic theories elaborated by educated representatives of the propertied classes, by intellectuals. The spontaneous development of the working-class movement leads to its subordination to bourgeois ideology... for the spontaneous working-class movement is trade-unionism... and trade-unionism means the ideological enslavement of the workers by the bourgeoisie.” Vladimir Lenin's seminal work, "What Is to Be Done?" (1902). This passage is found in the section titled "The Spontaneity of the Masses and the Consciousness of the Social-Democrats"