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organize and resist exploitation and expropriation. In the United States, for example, race ... drove such a wedge between the white and black workers that there probably are not today in the world two groups of workers with practically identical interests who hate and fear each other so deeply and persistently and who are kept so far apart that neither sees anything of common interest. (Du Bois, 1935, p. 700) Du Bois (1935) observed that in exchange for their racial loyalty to elites, and in compensation for their low wages, White workers receive "a public and psychologi- cal wage" (p. 700), which includes a variety of symbolic and social advantages-privileges—that reinforce their sense of racial superiority and discourage interracial labor solidarity. In other words, Du Bois determined that racial capitalism was made viable by White workers' psychological investment in Whiteness.