In that document, we list dozens of correlational and longitudinal studies. These large datasets provide us with correlation coefficients that tell us how variables in the dataset are related to each other, and they tell us when and for whom those relationships are stronger. Those studies reveal a fairly consistent relationship in which heavy users of social media are at much higher risk of mental illness or poor mental health than everyone else. A widely cited 2018 study of 14-year-olds found that girls who spend five hours or more on social media per day are three times as likely to be depressed as girls who use social media only a little or not at all. For boys, the ratio is lower, closer to two-to- one. A meta-analysis of 26 such studies found that the risk of depression increased by 13% for each hour increase on social media for adolescents (and that increase was even higher for girls).
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