uly 26, 2024 US State Restrictions and Excess COVID-19 Pandemic Deaths Christopher J. Ruhm, PhD1,2 Author Affiliations Article Information JAMA Health Forum. 2024;5(7):e242006. doi:10.1001/jamahealthforum.2024.2006 Key Points Question How did state restrictions affect the number of excess COVID-19 pandemic deaths? Findings This cross-sectional analysis including all 50 US states plus the District of Columbia found that if all states had imposed COVID-19 restrictions similar to those used in the 10 most (least) restrictive states, excess deaths would have been an estimated 10% to 21% lower (13%-17% higher) than the 1.18 million that actually occurred during the 2-year period analyzed. Behavior changes were associated with 49% to 79% of this overall difference. Meaning These findings indicate that collectively, stringent COVID-19 restrictions were associated with substantial decreases in excess deaths during the pandemic.
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