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   Simon Tatham (simontatham@hachyderm.io)'s status on Friday, 26-Apr-2024 16:55:25 JST Simon Tatham

   In bash, writing ${var?} instead of just ${var} or $var means if var isn't defined then bash will throw an error and _not_ execute your command, instead of expanding it to "" and carrying on.

   mv file1 file2 $subdir # oops, I overwrote file2
   mv file1 file2 ${subdir?} # error message instead of disaster

   My favourite use of this is for example commands in documentation, with placeholders for the user to fill in. Then it's OK if a user accidentally copy-pastes it _without_ filling them in!