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Figure of a heatmap (left) and a bar plot(right) over 50 cities. (Left) Heatmap of all Barrier Scores B(d) grouped into 0.5 km bins of social tie distance. Color denotes Barrier Score, square size denotes the fraction of social ties in each distance band relative to all ties in the city. All cities have positive Barrier Scores over most distances. Often, there is a smoothly reached peak distance, for example in Orlando at around dpeak ≈ 1.5 km. The top row labelled “ALL CITIES” reports the distance-binned Barrier Scores averaged over all cities. (Right) The bar plot labelled “CITY” reports the Barrier Score B calculated considering all ties with distances up to 10 km.