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Goddard ran the experiment in the eld, telling the pedestrians when to step up to the crosswalk so every driver would have about the same amount of time to decide whether to yield or not. She instructed the pedestrians not to look at their phones. At the intersection, she told each to step forward and face the oncoming cars. The pedestrian would face the driver, try to make eye contact, and indicate that they planned to cross. Goddard checked not only whether the rst car stopped but if they did not stop, how many cars went by and how long the person had to wait to cross. Many drivers passed all the men. But when drivers did yield, it depended on who stood in the crosswalk. In eighty-eight attempts to cross the street, on average, twice as many cars passed the Black pedestrians without stopping. If the rst person didn’t stop for the Black pedestrian, ve times as many cars would pass. Drivers yielded to the white men 24 percent quicker. On average, Black pedestrians waited 32 percent longer to cross the street. Whether this was implicit or explicit bias, the decision to yield was distinctly racist—and could lead to accidents.