Some examples of criticisms have pointed to problems in controlling response rates (https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0305498042000303017) or in the choice of the population based on age and not grade (https://nap.nationalacademies.org/read/10322/chapter/5#82) or the lack of correlation due to student motivation (https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feduc.2021.791599/full) or the cultural disaffection of the student body with the subject matter (https://dera.ioe.ac.uk/id/eprint/6448/1/RR772.pdf p.95).
Hope all this has put some of the context you were looking for.
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