A table showing the most-indicated demographic challenges per Member State, as asked to citizens during a Eurobarometer survey in September 2023. Citizens from Poland, the Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Slovakia, Czechia, France and Italy all see population ageing as the biggest problem. Citizens from Belgium, Denmark, Romania, Lithuania and Ireland see shrinking working-age population and labour shortages as the biggest problem. Citizens from Germany, Luxembourg, Cyprus, Sweden, Malta and Asutria see migration and integration as the biggest problem. Citizens from Hungary, Slovakia, Croatia, Greece and Bulgaria see depopulation and brain drain as the biggest problem. Citizens from Finland, Latvia and Greece see declining fertilility rates the biggest problem.
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