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The mass of the anti-matter apple and the titanium atoms that it annihilates with can be estimated as follows: • The mass of the anti-matter apple is 0.1 kg. • The mass of one titanium atom is about 7.9 x 10^-26 kg. • The area of contact between the anti-matter apple and the titanium surface can be approximated as a circle with a radius of 5 cm. • The thickness of the titanium layer that is annihilated can be estimated as 0.1 mm, which is much smaller than the safety margin of 5x relative to standard atmospheric conditions. • The number of titanium atoms that are annihilated can be calculated as the product of the area, thickness, and density of titanium, which is about 4.5 x 10^3 kg/m^3. • The total mass of titanium that is annihilated is about 3.5 x 10^-5 kg. Therefore, the total mass that is converted into energy by the annihilation reaction is about 0.1 + 3.5 x 10^-5 = 0.100035 kg. Using E = mc^2, we can find that the energy released by this reaction is about: E = (0.100035 kg) x (3 x 10^8 m/s)^2 E = 9 x 10^15 J