Conclusions Discrepancy is 5 sigma, ~10 years, No precise Late < Early, very robust * Exhaustive study of systematics, variations, we see no internal Inconsistencies, excess noise, etc *Tests inconsistent with dust, metallicity, crowding as explanations. Graph showing the measured expansion rate of the universe over time, with shaded areas marking error bars. Plank CMB is green. SN Ia-Cepheids distance ladder is grey. The error bars go down over time. and the points diverge, showing the continuing Hubble tension. Insert graph shows Hubble constant measurements in the Early Universe and Direct measurements. The averages are different.
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