Safety-I and Safety-II are two views of what makes a system safe, where Safety-II is a more modern and proactive view of safety that has driven record safety in the airline industry. For comparison, Safety-I defines safety as "as few things as possible go wrong" while Safety-II defines safety as "as many things as possible go right." Safety-I also categorizes the human factor as a hazard or liability, while Safety-II categorizes the human factor as necessary for system resilience. More information is available in this PDF on page 21: https://skybrary.aero/sites/default/files/bookshelf/2437.pdf
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