Image Exterior of the Amazon Web Services (AWS) data center in El Burgo, Spain. Image by Pablo Jiménez Arandia. AI’s Thirsty Supply Chain There has been a surge of investment into data centers as Big Tech companies compete in the AI arms race and governments create financial incentives for a piece of the pie. While many companies promise job creation and economic growth for the communities where these data centers are built, their actual economic and environmental impacts are not as well known—or easy to investigate. AI Accountability Network Fellow Pablo Jiménez Arandia wanted to understand the environmental footprint of Amazon’s data centers in Aragon, a region of Spain that experiences frequent droughts. Amazon, through its subsidiary Amazon Web Services (AWS), first opened three data centers in the country in 2022 and has announced plans to open two more. After several months of requesting data from various authorities, Jiménez found that government officials are unable to monitor—and therefore hold accountable—this growing private sector. To understand water usage by these data centers, Jiménez requested records from three municipalities, but only one provided figures. These figures only included water used for cooling the data centers, not the total amount of water used for energy production. Plus, several public officials said AWS required them to sign strict confidentiality agreements, a common practice among Big Tech. In other projects, this has made it difficult to even confirm the identity of the companies behind the data centers. The European Commission has asked its members to collect sustainability data from companies in the sector. However, each country can decide how open to make that data, if companies disclose this information. When asked by Jiménez for these records, the Spanish government referred the request to the EU, who declined to share the information due to “commercial interests.” Understanding tech infrastructure is just one piece of the pipeline that the Pulitzer Center uses as a framework for interrogating AI. Our AI Spotlight Series, which has trained over 2,000 journalists and editors from 122 countries in the last 11 months, teaches journalists how to investigate the data and labor behind AI models. They also learn about the infrastructure necessary to process it, the inner workings of AI models themselves, and how they are used (or misused) in our communities. We hope to see you at an upcoming training—our next intro course is on March 27! Best, Image Impact Image PIttsburgh gas giant EQT expanded its natural gas fracking operations in Knob Fork, West Virginia, in early 2021—two years ahead of a $5.2 billion acquisition that will deepen the firm’s Appalachian operations. Image by Quinn Glabicki/PublicSource. United States. Longworth Media Fellow Quinn Glabicki won first place in Pictures of the Year International’s Local News Picture Story category. His winning project, EQT’s Gas Play, exposes environmental turmoil in northern Appalachia linked to extraction by America’s largest fracked natural gas producer. Photo of the Week Image Tulasi Singh, 38, gets ready to be photographed at the Gadge Maharaj Dharamshala, Mumbai. From the story “When Women Have Cancer: Navigating Families, Society and Medicine.” Image by Afzal Adeeb Khan. India. “It takes extraordinary courage for a woman battling cancer to open up and let someone capture such intimate moments. Reflecting on it now, I’m still overwhelmed by the experience. What amazed me most about Tulasi was her resilience—she faced her treatment almost entirely alone, yet still found the strength and compassion to support others.” — Afzal Adeeb Khan This message first appeared in the March 21, 2025, edition of the Pulitzer Center's weekly newsletter. Subscribe today. Click here to read the full newsletter.