The Battle of Belvoir Castle was King Baldwin IV of Jerusalem's last battle. In the year 1180 Sultan Saladin signs a peace treaty with King Baldwin IV of Jerusalem due to the Bedouins revolting against Saladin's rule in Egypt. In 1182, Reynald of Châtillon raids Saracen merchant caravans. In response Sultan Saladin raises an army in Egypt with plans to invade the Kingdom of Jerusalem. Saladin's army begins raiding undefended villages and towns in the Levant. King Baldwin assembles an army. Knowing that his army is smaller than Saladin's, Baldwin marches his army to Belvoir Castle, where he can use the terrain and castle to his advantage. Saladin's army arrives sometime later.
On July 15th both sides deploy for battle. Baldwin who suffers severely from leprosy is forced to stay in the back line and issues orders from there. Saladin makes the opening move by sending horse archers forward to harass the Crusader lines. The Crusaders advance slowly then after a while hold their position. Saladin orders a general advances after the horse archers failed to bait the Crusaders out of their formation. The Saracen horsemen strike first with a charge, but fail to break the line as many are felled by the Crusader's spears. The Saracen horsemen attacked again, this time with infantry. This attack fares no better as the Saracens fail to break the Crusader lines. The horse archers return, but this time are driven back by Crusader knights. After fighting for sometime the Saracens morale breaks and they flee the battle. Saladin orders a withdrawal.
Saladin leaves the Kingdom of Jerusalem and heads for Damascus in Ayyubid territory. The Battle of Belvoir Castle would be King Baldwin's last battle as 3 years later he would succumb to his leprosy.
The Battle of Mohács, was the end of the Kingdom of Hungary. In the year 1522 King Louis II of Hungary married Mary of Austria, creating an alliance between the Kingdom of Hungary and the Holy Roman Empire. Ottoman sultan Suleiman the Magnificent saw the alliance between the Jagiellonian and Habsburg houses through marriage as a threat to Ottoman domination over the Balkans. In early 1526 Suleiman gathered an army of 100k men and 300 cannons to invade Hungary, taking advantage of Hungary being in a weakened state from a civil war a few years earlier. In early spring the Ottomans invaded Hungary, the Hungarians initially used hit and run tactics on the advancing Ottomans. By early July the Ottomans approached the town of Mohács. By this point King Louis had assembled an army of 30k men and 85 cannons at Mohács. By late August the Ottomans arrived at Mohács. The Hungarians argued about a battle plan, but eventually deployed for battle. The Hungarians had cavalry on the left and right flanks, with a larger amount of cavalry on the left and infantry in the center.
By the morning of August 29th the Ottomans began the battle by sending light cavalry in an outflanking maneuver to skirmish with the Hungarians. Ottomans were then sent forward to construct a camp closer to Mohács. Pál Tomori a Hungarian commander observed the Ottomans constructing their camp and ordered his cavalry on the left flank to charge the Turks. Tomori sent word to Louis to attack after his charge was seeing some success against the Ottomans. The Hungarian center and right were slow to join the battle and by the time they did the remainder of the Ottoman forces joined the battle. Eventually the overwhelming numbers of the Ottomans caused the Hungarian cavalry to flee the battle, the infantry became surrounded and crushed. The Hungarians lost 14k men the Ottomans 2k. King Louis died in the retreat as well from falling off his horse and drowning in the Danube river.
The Hungarians had an additional 25k soldiers and mercenaries scattered throughout the kingdom, had Louis managed to unite these forces with his army and fought from the much more defensible Hungarian capital of Buda(Budapest), victory or a much more difficult and costly battle for the Ottomans may have been achieved. After the defeat at Mohács the Kingdom of Hungary was spilt, The HRE took the northwest section witch became Royal Hungary, the Eastern half became independent and became known as the Voivode of Transylvania, the Southern half Sulieman took for the Ottomans. It would be another 150+ years before the HRE defeated the Ottomans at a second Battle of Mohács and freed Hungary.
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ValeOfShadowsToday begins the jewish "holiday" of hanukkah, so let's take a look at the real history behind it. After Alexander the Great's death in 323BC his empire was split amongst his generals. One of them was a man by the name of Seleucus I Nicator who founded the Seleucid Empire. In the year 170BC the Seleucid Empire had defeated Ptolemaic Egypt during the 6th Syrian War and gained full control of the Levant, including the province of Judea. In 168BC Seleucid Emperor Antiochus IV had plans to Hellenize the Levant and ordered a statue of the Greek God Zeus to be built outside of the jewish temple in Jerusalem. Because of this many jews gave up their religion and willingly converted to the Greek religion.
In 167BC a jew by the name of Mattathias began what would become to known as the Maccabean Revolt when he refused to sacrifice a pig on the alter of a Greek temple then killed the man who volunteered to take his place and desecrated the alter and fled the city into the hill. One year later Mattathias's son Judas gathered like minded jews began a violent revolt, going into towns and massacring any Greek or jewish convert they could find and also began forcibly circumcising children, as well as destroying Greek temples. The Seleucid Governor was informed of the revolt and a Seleucid Army of around 30k was dispatched to crush the revolt. The jews fought a guerilla style war against the Seleucids, for many years and in 164BC the Seleucids withdrew to Syria due to Antiochus's death. The jews believed this was a sign they had won and built a new temple to commemorate.
This event was completely forgotten by jews until around the 1890's when jewish rabbi's decided to turn the event into a holiday as a means of mocking the Christian Advent calendar and Christmas.
American of Polish descent, gamer, European history buff, gun enthusiast, Traditional Sedavacanist Catholic, aspiring Winged Hussar Zwycięstwo dla Białej Rasy! #PurebloodGab: gab.com/ValeOfShadows